Schematic Diagram of a VAR Process (Courtesy ATI Allvac)

Electromagnetic Fields in a VAR Ingot of Ti-64

Flow and Temperature Fields in a VAR Ingot of Ti-64 With Magnetic Stirring

Flow and Temperature Fields in a VAR Ingot of Ti-64 Without Magnetic Stirring

Concentrations of Iron and Oxygen in VAR Ingots of Ti-64 Without and With Magnetic Stirring

Thermal History in VAR Ingots of Ti-64 Without and With Magnetic Stirring

Inclusion Trajectories in Molten Pools of VAR Ingots of Ti-64 Without and With Magnetic Stirring

Schematic Diagram of an ESR Process (Courtesy ATI Allvac)

Electromagnetic, Flow and Temperature Fields in an ESR Ingot of IN718

Local Solidification Time and Dendrite Arm Spacings in an ESR Ingot of IN718

Rayleigh Number for Interdendritic Convection Showing Probability of Freckle Formation in an ESR Ingot of IN718

Predicted Flow Field and Pool Profile in an ESR Ingot of IN718

Measured Pool Profile in an ESR Ingot of IN718